Phenological period: Fruit coloring and mature period, the autumn shoots stop growing, and the root system grows for the third time. Management points: autumn pruning, fruit unpacking, leaf picking and turning fruit, laying reflective film, batch harvesting, autumn application of basal fertilizer, control of diseases and insects, etc.

Autumn pruning: In autumn, the tree body is generally prosperous, the nutrient ineffective consumption is aggravated, and the canopy closure phenomenon is serious. Pruning and dimming measures should be implemented. In September, for a closed tree, rationally thin the branches. The objects are the upright branches, sprouting branches, and competing branches on the auxiliary branches, with pulling and oblique branches, etc., to attract light into the crown and promote color.

Remove the bag: The fruit needs to grow in the bag for about 100-120 days, and the double inner red fruit bag is best to remove the bag in two times. Fruits in high-altitude areas color fast, and the bags can be removed 10-15 days before the normal fruit picking. In low-altitude areas, the coloring of fruits is slow. You can remove the bags 15-20 days before the normal fruit picking. When removing the bag, it is best to remove the bag in cloudy or cloudy weather. The bag removal should be done at 9-10 o'clock in the sunny day, and at 3-6 o'clock in the afternoon. It is better to remove the bag from strong sunlight and high temperature.

Picking leaves and turning fruits: The fruits in the lower part of the crown and inner chamber are often poorly colored due to insufficient light. In this case, leaf picking and turning fruits are necessary. Leaf picking is generally carried out in two times. The first time is combined with the removal of the bag at the same time, mainly to remove the leaves and leaves at the base of the fruit stand; the second combination of fruit transfer is to remove the base to the middle of the new shoot within 15-20 cm. When the light-blocking leaves of the fruit are fully colored on the sun surface (usually about 6-10 days after unbag), turn the dark side of the fruit to the sun side to make the fruit fully colored. Note: The fruit should be transferred in one direction to avoid screwing off the fruit stem.

Laying of reflective film: Laying of reflective film should be done after the leaves are picked. Laying a reflective film under the canopy can reflect the light that hits the ground to the tree, so that the fruits in the inner chamber and the calyx depressions of the fruits are also colored. The reflected light makes the fruit surface brightly colored, which has a significant effect on improving the appearance of the fruit.

Fruit picking: Picking at the right time is very important. Generally, the picking time is determined according to the growth period of the fruit, that is the number of days from flower to maturity. Harvesting is an important part of fruit quality. Generally, the fruit can be harvested in batches when the appearance quality of the fruit reaches the commodity requirements about 10 days after the inner bag.

Fertilization in autumn: base fertilizer is the most basic and most important fertilization for orchards. It is related to the supply of various nutrients in the annual cycle of the fruit tree. The application of basal fertilizer should pay attention to timeliness, rationality and science. The specific requirements are: fertilization time is mid-to-late September; fertilizer types are mainly organic fertilizer, increased application of bio-organic fertilizer, appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer, supplementary micro-fertilizer; fertilization method is furrow or hole application; fertilization position is on the outer edge of the canopy Inside; fertilization depth 30-40 cm (root system concentrated distribution layer). After the fruit is harvested, apply fertilizers of the same quantity and quality to the fruit trees. Application in autumn can increase fruit setting rate by 8-10% and yield by 10-15% compared with spring and winter application. The effect of increasing production and quality is very obvious.

Disease and insect pest control: The skin of the apple after being taken off the bag is delicate and easy to be infected with red spot disease, and the stomata enlarges, leading to the appearance of cracks. In addition to insufficient calcium, diseases such as calcium deficiency are prone to occur, and small cracks appear on the fruit surface, which reduces the fruit storage and commodity performance. Therefore, after removing the bag, 1-2 thiophanate methine fungicides and calcium fertilizers should be sprayed. Autumn is another peak period of infection and expansion of rot disease. After the apples are harvested and before the leaves fall, apply Xijiawang to dry them, and spray the whole tree with an antiseptic agent to control the colonization of pathogens on the bark tissue and prevent tree rot. (Baishui Apple Test Station)